What causes a hernia? What are the major symptoms?

 

Causes and major symptoms of Hernia

Hernia can cause due to various factors. Inguinal and femoral hernias causes due to weakened muscles. In many cases it has been present since birth, or are associated with aging. Such strain may come from physical exertion, obesity, pregnancy, straining on the toilet due to constipation or from frequent coughing.

Adults may get an Umbilical Hernia by straining the abdominal area, being overweight, having a long-lasting heavy cough or after giving birth. 


What are the symptoms of a hernia?

A hernia in the abdomen can produce a noticeable lump that can be pushed back in, or it may disappear when lying down. Laughing, crying, coughing, and straining during a bowel movement or physical activity may make the lump reappear after it has been pushed back in. Here are the most common symptoms of a hernia:

·         Feel swelling in the groin or scrotum

·         Increased pain- on the site of the bulge.

·         Pain while lifting.

·         Bulge size increases over time.

·         A dull aching sensation.

·         Find bulge in the affected area

·         Bulge or lump disappears when lying down

·         Hernia can be felt by touching while standing up or bending down, sneezing or coughing

·         Heartburn, chest pain and trouble swallowing

·         Increase in Pain and discomfort when standing, bending over, straining or lifting heavy items

Causes and Risk Factors

In some hernia patients, it is observed that the muscles in the enclosing wall are weak since birth or become weak later in life due to their poor nutrition diet. In that case, a hole in the wall develops very easily. The weight of the organ near-by exerts a natural pressure causing the organ to bulge out of the hole and that causes hernia. There are various risk factors for hernia. Let’s know them:-

·         Lifting or Carrying any heavy objects repeatedly

·         Diarrhoea or constipation

·         Repeated vomiting  best pathology in Lucknow

·         Coughing or sneezing

·         Enlarged prostate

·         Urinating or defecating with difficulty

·         Poor eating habits cause poor nutrition

·         Cigarette smoking which weakens the muscles

·         Obesity

·         Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD

·         A family history of hernias

·         Peritoneal dialysis- Dialysis done on people with kidney failure

·         Pregnancy

·         Multiple childbirths

·         Abdominal surgeries

·         Un-descended testes

·         Age of 50 years and above

·         Being born prematurely or with a low birth-weight

 

A combination of two or more of the above risk factors increases the risk further.

 

Complications

All hernias can be divided into 2 categories; in the first one it is reducible wherein the hernia can be pushed back and the symptoms are not severe. The second type is irreducible. In this the hernia cannot be pushed back. This type causes 2 major complications:

·         Strangulation: Pressure at the neck of a hernia caused by the contents in the bulge impairs blood supply to the herniated part of the organ such as the intestine and can cause ischemia and gangrene in the herniated area. This can be a life-threatening situation for patients and requires immediate surgery to reduce or prevent from the hernia.

 

·         Obstruction: When part of the intestine herniates, the contents of the bowel cannot pass through the herniated part. This leads to obstruction in the bowel and is characterized by crampy abdominal pain, inability to defecate and vomiting. Obstruction is also a medical emergency and requires immediate surgery to prevent from the hernia.

 

When to See a Doctor

Whenever a hernia is suspected, one must take a surgical consultation, so that the problem can be addressed before complications arise. Non-complicated hernia can be treated safely in a planned intervention without any complications. A patient having more complications will require an emergency intervention with its associated risks. So soon after detection of Hernia symptoms visit your doctor.

 

How is a hernia diagnosed?

By physical exam it is usually possible to see and feel a bulge in the area where a hernia has occurred. In the male’s physical exam for inguinal hernias, the doctor feels the area around the testicles and groin while the patient is asked to cough. Whereas in some cases, soft-tissue imaging like a CT scan will accurately diagnose the condition.

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